Benjamin A. Arthur - Revision history

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2013-12-09T01:52:16Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:52, 9 December 2013
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	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	Following his mother's death in 1852, he, his father, Christopher Abel, and his brothers, Joshua and Christopher J., immigrated to America.		Following his mother's death in 1852, he, his father, Christopher Abel, and his brothers, Joshua and Christopher J., immigrated to America. They steamed up the Mississippi River to St. Louis and from there to Keokuk on a bend in the river in southeastern Iowa.

			[[Image:Mormon Trail.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|<center>'''The Mormon Trail'''</center>]]

			In late spring 1853, the Arthurs joined the Claudius V. Spencer Company at Montrose, Iowa. At its departure the company consisted of roughly 250 individuals and 40 wagons. Benjamin's brother, Christopher A. Arthur, kept a diary of the journey, noting that their father was a captain of 50 and that he and Benjamin rode and slept in a wagon while his father and younger sister, Mary Ann, traveled in a carriage. He noted that they had many adventures hunting for buffalo.

	~~Traveling in the Spencer company as part of a Mormon wagon train~~, they arrived in ~~Utah in 1853~~ and settled on a farm in ~~Great Salt Lake Valley~~.		That September, they arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake and settled on a farm in the valley.

	=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===		=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===

1857admin: /* Immigration to America and onto Utah */

2013-12-09T01:26:11Z

Immigration to America and onto Utah

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 9 December 2013
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	=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===		=== Immigration to America and onto Utah ===

	Following his mother's death in 1852, he, his father, Christopher Abel, and his brothers, Joshua and Christopher J., immigrated to America. Traveling in the Spencer company as part of a Mormon wagon train, they arrived in Utah in 1853 and settled on a farm in Great Salt Lake Valley.		Following his mother's death in 1852, he, his father, Christopher Abel, and his brothers, Joshua and Christopher J., immigrated to America.



			Traveling in the Spencer company as part of a Mormon wagon train, they arrived in Utah in 1853 and settled on a farm in Great Salt Lake Valley.

	=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===		=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===

1857admin: /* Moving to Greenville, Beaver County */

2013-11-11T07:03:07Z

Moving to Greenville, Beaver County

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:03, 11 November 2013
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	=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===		=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===
	[[Image:Beaver_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|~~400px~~\|<center>'''Map of Beaver County, Utah.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Beaver_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|550px\|<center>'''Map of Beaver County, Utah.'''</center>]]

	By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.		By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.

1857admin: /* Moving to Greenville, Beaver County */

2013-11-11T07:02:38Z

Moving to Greenville, Beaver County

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:02, 11 November 2013
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	=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===		=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===
	[[Image:~~Beaver_County_Map~~.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Beaver County, Utah.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Beaver_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Beaver County, Utah.'''</center>]]

	By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.		By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.
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	Ben Arthur was among the two-thirds of Greenville's residents who had immigrated from Wales to Utah. The British Isles' emigrants and especially the Welsh had a strong musical tradition which they imported to their new surroundings in the American West. In the early days in Cedar City, Ben Arthur had joined the English Choir. Later in Greenville when its choir director George Eyre departed for nearby Minersville, Ben Arthur assumed the directorship of Greenville's 35-member choir. He was well regarded and continued the success of the largely Welsh choir.		Ben Arthur was among the two-thirds of Greenville's residents who had immigrated from Wales to Utah. The British Isles' emigrants and especially the Welsh had a strong musical tradition which they imported to their new surroundings in the American West. In the early days in Cedar City, Ben Arthur had joined the English Choir. Later in Greenville when its choir director George Eyre departed for nearby Minersville, Ben Arthur assumed the directorship of Greenville's 35-member choir. He was well regarded and continued the success of the largely Welsh choir.

	In the mid-1870s when [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]] was tried in the federal district court in Beaver, Arthur lived in the area and presumably followed the course of the trial although it is not known whether he attended the proceedings.		In the mid-1870s when [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]] was tried in the federal district court in Beaver, Arthur lived in the area and presumably followed the course of the trial although it is not known whether he attended the proceedings.

	=== Final Years ===		=== Final Years ===

1857admin at 07:01, 11 November 2013

2013-11-11T07:01:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 11 November 2013
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	=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===		=== Moving to Greenville, Beaver County ===
			[[Image:Beaver_County_Map.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''Map of Beaver County, Utah.'''</center>]]

	By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.		By 1862, the Arthurs and other families had joined the new agricultural settlement of Greenville in Beaver County. Eventually, the Arthurs had eight daughters and two sons. Besides pursuing a livelihood in farming, dairying and livestock, Ben Arthur was one of the early school teachers in Greenville.

1857admin: /* In the Iron Military District: Sergeant Benjamin Arthur, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion */

2012-03-02T11:05:24Z

In the Iron Military District: Sergeant Benjamin Arthur, Company D, Isaac Haight's 2nd Battalion

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 2 March 2012
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	[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."		[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."

	[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|~~250px~~\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]		[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|225px\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]
	Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.		Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.

1857admin at 11:04, 2 March 2012

2012-03-02T11:04:27Z

1857admin: /* To Cedar City and the Ironworks */

2012-03-02T11:01:34Z

To Cedar City and the Ironworks

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 2 March 2012
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	[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]		[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]

	In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks. In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.		In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks.

			==== The Deseret Iron Company ====

			In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.

			==== The Ironworks in 1857 ====

	In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life into the ironworks. Working from April to June they installed the steam engine and completed the new engine house. In the first week of July, they were ready to begin smelting. They “put on the blast” and had a modicum of success. But they continued to be plagued with problems ranging from poor quality raw materials to smelting equipment that lacked technical sophistication. When in late July the steam engine seized with sand from the dirty creek water, they speedily dug a reservoir to store a supply of clean water for the boiler. They continued making smelting runs through August. All the while crews at the ironworks manned all the necessary functions there, while other crews, mainly miners and teamsters, gathered the raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, and wood – necessary to sustain smelting.		In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life into the ironworks. Working from April to June they installed the steam engine and completed the new engine house. In the first week of July, they were ready to begin smelting. They “put on the blast” and had a modicum of success. But they continued to be plagued with problems ranging from poor quality raw materials to smelting equipment that lacked technical sophistication. When in late July the steam engine seized with sand from the dirty creek water, they speedily dug a reservoir to store a supply of clean water for the boiler. They continued making smelting runs through August. All the while crews at the ironworks manned all the necessary functions there, while other crews, mainly miners and teamsters, gathered the raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, and wood – necessary to sustain smelting.
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	From late April to September, those working up the canyon in mining or hauling wood, coal, limestone, rock, sand or “adobies” to the ironworks were [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Samuel McMurdie\|Samuel McMurdie]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], Elias Morris, [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Robert Wiley\|Robert Wiley]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]]. Those working at the ironworks on the furnace, engine, coke ovens or blacksmith shop included Elias Morris, [[John S. Humphries\|John Humphries]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[John M. Urie\|John Urie]], [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Joseph Clews\|Joseph Clews]], [[Richard Harrison\|Richard Harrison]], [[William C. Stewart\|William C. Stewart]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M Macfarlane]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[William S. Riggs\|William S. Riggs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Eleazer Edwards\|Eliezar Edwards]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], and [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]]. (The two lists overlap because some worked both in the canyon and at the Ironworks.) Other prominent figures at the ironworks who were not later involved at Mountain Meadows were Samuel Leigh, George Horton, James H. Haslem, Laban Morrell, John Chatterley, Thomas Gower, Thomas Crowther and others.		From late April to September, those working up the canyon in mining or hauling wood, coal, limestone, rock, sand or “adobies” to the ironworks were [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Samuel McMurdie\|Samuel McMurdie]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], Elias Morris, [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Robert Wiley\|Robert Wiley]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]]. Those working at the ironworks on the furnace, engine, coke ovens or blacksmith shop included Elias Morris, [[John S. Humphries\|John Humphries]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[John M. Urie\|John Urie]], [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Joseph Clews\|Joseph Clews]], [[Richard Harrison\|Richard Harrison]], [[William C. Stewart\|William C. Stewart]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M Macfarlane]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[William S. Riggs\|William S. Riggs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Eleazer Edwards\|Eliezar Edwards]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], and [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]]. (The two lists overlap because some worked both in the canyon and at the Ironworks.) Other prominent figures at the ironworks who were not later involved at Mountain Meadows were Samuel Leigh, George Horton, James H. Haslem, Laban Morrell, John Chatterley, Thomas Gower, Thomas Crowther and others.

			==== Arthur's Role at the Ironworks in 1857 ====

	Between 1855 and 1858, there are various references to Ben Arthur in the Deseret Iron Company account book. Focusing on 1857, the ledger shows that on May 11, while working for the "engineering department," Arthur was credited for 2 1/2 days of tending the masons. Long before then, they had determined that water was unreliable for motive power because the creek froze in the winter, ran dry in the summer, and was liable to dam failures at any other time. They had recently taken delivery on a steam engine which would replace water power. At the time they were building an engine room in which they would install the steam engine. The masons built the engine room and Arthur and others assisted the masons. They may have acted as hod carriers.		Between 1855 and 1858, there are various references to Ben Arthur in the Deseret Iron Company account book. Focusing on 1857, the ledger shows that on May 11, while working for the "engineering department," Arthur was credited for 2 1/2 days of tending the masons. Long before then, they had determined that water was unreliable for motive power because the creek froze in the winter, ran dry in the summer, and was liable to dam failures at any other time. They had recently taken delivery on a steam engine which would replace water power. At the time they were building an engine room in which they would install the steam engine. The masons built the engine room and Arthur and others assisted the masons. They may have acted as hod carriers.

1857admin: /* To Cedar City and the Ironworks */

2012-03-02T05:52:14Z

To Cedar City and the Ironworks

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:52, 2 March 2012
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	=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===		=== To Cedar City and the Ironworks ===
	[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|The Early Ironworks in Cedar City~~\|400px~~]]		[[Image:Sketch - Iron works.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|<center>'''The Early Ironworks in Cedar City'''</center>]]

	In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks. In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.		In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks. In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.

1857admin: /* To Cedar City and the Ironworks */

2012-01-30T09:51:09Z

To Cedar City and the Ironworks

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:51, 30 January 2012
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	In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks. In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.		In 1854, the Arthurs were among the British emigrants called to the Iron Mission in southern Utah. In the early years, Benjamin Arthur participated in the Cedar City Dramatics Association and was a member of [[John_Western\|John Weston/Western's]] "English Choir." He also farmed and worked in the fledgling ironworks. His father, Christopher Abel Jones, was a trustee and shareholder in the Deseret Iron Company. He also served as clerk in the ironworks. His brother Christopher Jones Arthur also was involved in the ironworks. In moving to Cedar City, the Arthurs had settled in an area dominated by the Deseret Iron Company, known more familiarly as the Ironworks. See [[Summary of Deseret Iron Company]] for a brief summary of its early development.

	In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life into the ironworks. Working from April to June they installed the steam engine and completed the new engine house. In the first week of July, they were ready to begin smelting. They “put on the blast” and had a modicum of success. But they continued to be plagued with problems ranging from poor quality raw materials to smelting equipment that lacked technical sophistication. When in late July the steam engine seized with sand from dirty creek water, they speedily dug a reservoir to store a supply of clean water for the boiler. They continued making smelting runs through August. All the while crews at the ironworks manned all the necessary functions there, while other crews, mainly miners and teamsters, gathered the raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, and wood – necessary to sustain smelting.		In April 1857, the delivery of a new steam engine from Great Salt Lake City seemed to breathe new life into the ironworks. Working from April to June they installed the steam engine and completed the new engine house. In the first week of July, they were ready to begin smelting. They “put on the blast” and had a modicum of success. But they continued to be plagued with problems ranging from poor quality raw materials to smelting equipment that lacked technical sophistication. When in late July the steam engine seized with sand from the dirty creek water, they speedily dug a reservoir to store a supply of clean water for the boiler. They continued making smelting runs through August. All the while crews at the ironworks manned all the necessary functions there, while other crews, mainly miners and teamsters, gathered the raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, and wood – necessary to sustain smelting.

	The ~~runs~~ continued until September 13. In other words, ~~while~~ Cedar City militiamen ~~were~~ mustered to Mountain Meadows where they were involved in the massacre on September 11, ironworkers continued the smelting runs night and day ~~in Cedar City~~. For additional details, see [[Smelting at the Ironworks in 1857]].		The smelting continued until September 13. In other words, around September 3, when a dispute arose between some settlers and several men in the passing Arkansas company, the blast furnace was running nonstop. And when Cedar City militiamen, many of them ironworkers, mustered to Mountain Meadows where they were involved in the massacre on September 11, other ironworkers in Cedar City continued the smelting runs night and day. For additional details, see [[Smelting at the Ironworks in 1857]].

	From late April to September, those working up the canyon in mining or hauling wood, coal, limestone, rock, sand or “adobies” to the ironworks were [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Samuel McMurdie\|Samuel McMurdie]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], Elias Morris, [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Robert Wiley\|Robert Wiley]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]]. Those working at the ironworks on the furnace, engine, coke ovens or blacksmith shop included Elias Morris, [[John S. Humphries\|John Humphries]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[John M. Urie\|John Urie]], [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Joseph Clews\|Joseph Clews]], [[Richard Harrison\|Richard Harrison]], [[William C. Stewart\|William C. Stewart]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M Macfarlane]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[William S. Riggs\|William S. Riggs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Eleazer Edwards\|Eliezar Edwards]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], and [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]]. (The two lists overlap because some worked both in the canyon and at the Ironworks.) Other prominent figures at the ironworks who were not later involved at Mountain Meadows were Samuel Leigh, George Horton, James H. Haslem, Laban Morrell, John Chatterley, Thomas Gower, Thomas Crowther and others.		From late April to September, those working up the canyon in mining or hauling wood, coal, limestone, rock, sand or “adobies” to the ironworks were [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Samuel McMurdie\|Samuel McMurdie]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], Elias Morris, [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Robert Wiley\|Robert Wiley]], and [[Philip Klingensmith\|Philip Klingensmith]]. Those working at the ironworks on the furnace, engine, coke ovens or blacksmith shop included Elias Morris, [[John S. Humphries\|John Humphries]], [[Ira Allen\|Ira Allen]], [[John M. Urie\|John Urie]], [[Benjamin A. Arthur\|Benjamin Arthur]], [[James Williamson\|James Williamson]], [[Joseph H. Smith\|Joseph H. Smith]], [[Samuel Jewkes\|Samuel Jewkes]], [[Joseph Clews\|Joseph Clews]], [[Richard Harrison\|Richard Harrison]], [[William C. Stewart\|William C. Stewart]], [[William Bateman\|William Bateman]], [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M Macfarlane]], [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]], [[John Jacobs\|John Jacobs]], [[George Hunter\|George Hunter]], [[Samuel Pollock\|Samuel Pollock]], [[William S. Riggs\|William S. Riggs]], [[Alexander_H._Loveridge\|Alex Loveridge]], [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Wilden]], [[Ezra H. Curtis\|Ezra Curtis]], [[Eleazer Edwards\|Eliezar Edwards]], [[Swen Jacobs\|Swen Jacobs]], [[Joel White\|Joel White]], and [[Thomas H. Cartwright\|Thomas Cartwright]]. (The two lists overlap because some worked both in the canyon and at the Ironworks.) Other prominent figures at the ironworks who were not later involved at Mountain Meadows were Samuel Leigh, George Horton, James H. Haslem, Laban Morrell, John Chatterley, Thomas Gower, Thomas Crowther and others.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 2 March 2012
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	[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."		[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."

	[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|~~250px~~\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]		[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|225px\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]
	Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.		Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 2 March 2012
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	In 1857, 23-year-old Benjamin was a sergeant in the 4th Platoon in Company D of the 2nd Battalion. Major [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion and his adjutant was his step-son, [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]]. Company D was led by Captain [[Joel White\|Joel White]] whose adjutant was [[Daniel Macfarlane\|Daniel Macfarlane]]. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.		In 1857, 23-year-old Benjamin was a sergeant in the 4th Platoon in Company D of the 2nd Battalion. Major [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]] commanded the 2nd Battalion and his adjutant was his step-son, [[John M. Macfarlane\|John M. Macfarlane]]. Company D was led by Captain [[Joel White\|Joel White]] whose adjutant was [[Daniel Macfarlane\|Daniel Macfarlane]]. See [[A Basic Account]] for a full description of the massacre.

	When word reached southern Utah in mid-August that the U.S. Army was approaching the territory, the Arthurs and other local settlers hurriedly prepared for the rumored "invasion" of their valley. In these tense circumstances the Arkansas emigrants passed through Cedar City and beyond to Mountain Meadows. In early September 1857, after the Fancher and Baker companies had passed through Cedar City, Major [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]] (also a counselor to stake president [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]]) ordered Benjamin Arthur, Josiah Reeves and [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]] to follow the Arkansas emigrants. According to Willden, they were to find a pretext to set the local Paiutes on the emigrants. They were also to direct the wagon train to a point some miles below Mountain Meadows where the original plans called for the attack to take place.~~<br>~~		When word reached southern Utah in mid-August that the U.S. Army was approaching the territory, the Arthurs and other local settlers hurriedly prepared for the rumored "invasion" of their valley. In these tense circumstances the Arkansas emigrants passed through Cedar City and beyond to Mountain Meadows. In early September 1857, after the Fancher and Baker companies had passed through Cedar City, Major [[John M. Higbee\|John M. Higbee]] (also a counselor to stake president [[Isaac C. Haight\|Isaac C. Haight]]) ordered Benjamin Arthur, Josiah Reeves and [[Ellott Willden\|Ellott Willden]] to follow the Arkansas emigrants. According to Willden, they were to find a pretext to set the local Paiutes on the emigrants. They were also to direct the wagon train to a point some miles below Mountain Meadows where the original plans called for the attack to take place.

	[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."		[[David_W._Tullis\|David Tullis]] recalled that Benjamin Arthur, [[Ellott Willden]], and [[Josiah Reeves]] rode to Mountain Meadows, saw the emigrant camp and had a civil exchange with them. According to Willden, their orders were to "find occasion . . . that would justify the Indians being let loose upon the emigrants. . . ."

			[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|250px\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]
	Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.		Possibly in the evening of Monday, September 7, or, more probably, the following evening, Arthur was with other militiamen a short distance east of Mountain Meadows. According to [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee's]] account in ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' Benjamin Arthur was with [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]] and [[Joel White\|Joel White]] during the pivotal assault in which Stewart suddenly shot and killed Tennessean [[William Aden]] of the wagon train and White wounded Aden's companion. An injured rider managed to retreat to the emigrants' besieged camp. This confirmed to the emigrants that local Mormon settlers were complicit in the "Indian" attack on their camp.

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	=== Moving From Cedar City to Beaver County ===		=== Moving From Cedar City to Beaver County ===
	~~[[Image:Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg\|right\|250px\|Benjamin a. arthur 1.jpg]]~~

	In the years after the massacre, Arthur drifted away from Cedar City. By the early 1860s, the Welshman Arthur had moved north to Beaver County where he married Jennette Easton, a native of Scotland.		In the years after the massacre, Arthur drifted away from Cedar City. By the early 1860s, the Welshman Arthur had moved north to Beaver County where he married Jennette Easton, a native of Scotland.
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	= References =		= References =

	Bagley,~~ ~~''Blood of the Prophets,''~~ ~~133~~;&nbsp~~;Bethers, ''A History of Schools in Iron County, 1851-1970,'' 182; Bradley, ''A History of Beaver County,'' 64; Essom, ''Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah,'' 724; Jenson, ''LDS Biographical Encyclopedia'', 2:186; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 235, 379; Merkley, ed., ''Monuments to Courage: A History of Beaver County,'' 155, 156, 160, 415, 470; New.~~familysearch~~.org; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson & Morris Collections,'' 43, 189, 191, 206, 209, 216-217, 221, 223; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 140-41, 149, Appendix C, 256.		Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 133; Bethers, ''A History of Schools in Iron County, 1851-1970,'' 182; Bradley, ''A History of Beaver County,'' 64; Essom, ''Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah,'' 724; Jenson, ''LDS Biographical Encyclopedia'', 2:186; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 230, 235, 379; Merkley, ed., ''Monuments to Courage: A History of Beaver County,'' 155, 156, 160, 415, 470; New.FamilySearch.org; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson & Morris Collections,'' 43, 189, 191, 206, 209, 216-217, 221, 223; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 140-41, 149, Appendix C, 256.

	For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].		For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].
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	For further information on Benjamin Arthur see:		For further information on Benjamin Arthur see:

	*http://mountainmeadowsmassacre.org/appendices/appendix-c-the-militiamen		* http://mountainmeadowsmassacre.org/appendices/appendix-c-the-militiamen
	*Deseret Iron Company Account Book, 1854-1867: http://www.footnote.com/document/241905844/		* Deseret Iron Company Account Book, 1854-1867: http://www.footnote.com/document/241905844/

	Further information and confirmation needed. Please contact editor@1857ironcountymilitia.com.		Further information and confirmation needed. Please contact editor@1857ironcountymilitia.com.