James Pearce - Revision history

1857admin: /* Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona */

2016-04-27T08:50:46Z

Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona

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	Meanwhile in Snowflake, five of James and Mary Jane Pearce's grandchildren died of diptheria. Around the turn of the century, the Pearces moved to the San Juan Valley in New Mexico Territory where they settled in Jewett. By 1909 Pearce was seventy years old. They decided to sell their interests in the San Juan Valley and return to Taylor in eastern Arizona. There James Pearce remained for the remainder of his life.		Meanwhile in Snowflake, five of James and Mary Jane Pearce's grandchildren died of diptheria. Around the turn of the century, the Pearces moved to the San Juan Valley in New Mexico Territory where they settled in Jewett. By 1909 Pearce was seventy years old. They decided to sell their interests in the San Juan Valley and return to Taylor in eastern Arizona. There James Pearce remained for the remainder of his life.

	Arizona became a state in 1912. In 1921, the Arizona Republican sponsored the first statewide Pioneer Reunion and the honored guests were all of Arizona’s surviving pioneers. Because of James Pearce’s early journey to Arizona with Jacob Hamblin in 1859, he was honored for having lived in Arizona the longest. During the celebratory speeches, some old-timers began bragging about how many Indians they had killed during their days as “Indian fighters.” When it was his turn, James Pearce, then around 81, rose to address the crowd. “I have listened to all you old timers tell how many Indians you killed,” he began. “The only ones I killed, if any, were the ones who ran themselves to death chasing me. I was always ahead of them[!]” By all accounts, Jim Pearce’s wit “brought down the house.” Yet we can perceive in Pearce’s humorous remark a sly rebuke of the violence glorified by the old “Indian fighters.” In months of early travel through Arizona on several of Jacob Hamblin’s expeditions, Pearce had adopted the “Buckskin Apostle’s” pacific approach to conflict resolution. But one senses there might have been more to it than that; that perhaps as a teenage boy some sixty-five years earlier, he had witnessed more than enough bloody violence for one lifetime.		Arizona became a state in 1912. In 1921, the Arizona "Republican" sponsored the first statewide Pioneer Reunion and the honored guests were all of Arizona’s surviving pioneers. Because of James Pearce’s early journey to Arizona with Jacob Hamblin in 1859, he was honored for having lived in Arizona the longest. During the celebratory speeches, some old-timers began bragging about how many Indians they had killed during their days as “Indian fighters.” When it was his turn, James Pearce, then around 81, rose to address the crowd. “I have listened to all you old timers tell how many Indians you killed,” he began. “The only ones I killed, if any, were the ones who ran themselves to death chasing me. I was always ahead of them[!]” By all accounts, Jim Pearce’s wit “brought down the house.” Yet we can perceive in Pearce’s humorous remark a sly rebuke of the violence glorified by the old “Indian fighters.” In months of early travel through Arizona on several of Jacob Hamblin’s expeditions, Pearce had adopted the “Buckskin Apostle’s” pacific approach to conflict resolution. But one senses there might have been more to it than that; that perhaps as a teenage boy some sixty-five years earlier, he had witnessed more than enough bloody violence for one lifetime.

	[[Image:Pearce, James 2.2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|<center>'''James Pearce in old age.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce, James 2.2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|<center>'''James Pearce in old age.'''</center>]]

1857admin: /* References */

2016-04-27T08:49:21Z

References

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	= References =		= References =

	Alder and Brooks, ''A History of Washington County,'' 25-27, 28-29, 41-49, 50 fn 11; Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 120, 128, 205, 292, 326; Bradshaw, ed., ''Under Dixie Sun,'' 235 (Harrison Pearce); Clayton, ''Pioneer Women of Arizona,'' 463-65 (Mary Jane Pearce); Compton, ''A Frontier Life,'' 157, 161-62, 173-75, 208, 226 (photo of Pearce's Ferry), 435-36; Fielding, ed., ''The Tribune Reports of the Trial of John D. Lee,'' 125; Jenson, ''Encyclopedic History of the Church,'' 863 (Taylor Ward), 878 (Tonaquint); Larson, ''I Was Called to Dixie,'' 24, 516; Larson, ''The Red Hills of November,'' 125; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 228, 380; Lee Trial transcripts; McClintock, ''Mormon Settlement in Arizona,'' 84 (photo), 289; New.Familysearch.org; Palmer, ''History of Taylor and Shumway [Arizona],'' 27, 37-49, 55, 65, 67-69, 73, 76, 100-101, 121, 129, 153; Peterson, ''Take Up Your Mission,'' 170-71; Smith, ed., ''Journal of Jesse N. Smith,'' 286, 406; Solomon, ''Joseph Knight,'' 100; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 236; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 109, 127, 154, 173, 191, 193, 198, Appendix C, 261; Wilhelm, ''History of the St. John's Stake,'' 48, 243, 279.		Alder and Brooks, ''A History of Washington County,'' 25-27, 28-29, 41-49, 50 fn 11; Bagley, ''Blood of the Prophets,'' 120, 128, 205, 292, 326; Bradshaw, ed., ''Under Dixie Sun,'' 235 (Harrison Pearce); Clayton, ''Pioneer Women of Arizona,'' 463-65 (Mary Jane Pearce); Compton, ''A Frontier Life,'' 157, 161-62, 173-75, 208, 226 (photo of Pearce's Ferry), 435-36; Fielding, ed., ''The Tribune Reports of the Trial of John D. Lee,'' 125; Jenson, ''Encyclopedic History of the Church,'' 863 (Taylor Ward), 878 (Tonaquint); Larson, ''I Was Called to Dixie,'' 24, 516; Larson, ''The Red Hills of November,'' 125; Lee, ''Mormonism Unveiled,'' 228, 380; Lee Trial transcripts; McClintock, ''Mormon Settlement in Arizona,'' 84 (photo), 289; New.Familysearch.org; Palmer, ''History of Taylor and Shumway [Arizona],'' 27, 37-49, 55, 65, 67-69, 73, 76, 100-101, 121, 129, 153; Peterson, ''Take Up Your Mission,'' 170-71; Smith, ed., ''Journal of Jesse N. Smith,'' 286, 406; Solomon, ''Joseph Knight,'' 100; Tenney, ed., "Taylor’s Centennial Stories," 13; Turley and Walker, ''Mountain Meadows Massacre: Jenson and Morris Collections,'' 236; Walker, et al, ''Massacre at Mountain Meadows,'' 109, 127, 154, 173, 191, 193, 198, Appendix C, 261; Wilhelm, ''History of the St. John's Stake,'' 48, 243, 279.

	For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].		For full bibliographic information see [[Bibliography]].

1857admin: /* Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona */

2016-04-27T08:46:37Z

Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona

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	Meanwhile in Snowflake, five of James and Mary Jane Pearce's grandchildren died of diptheria. Around the turn of the century, the Pearces moved to the San Juan Valley in New Mexico Territory where they settled in Jewett. By 1909 Pearce was seventy years old. They decided to sell their interests in the San Juan Valley and return to Taylor in eastern Arizona. There James Pearce remained for the remainder of his life.		Meanwhile in Snowflake, five of James and Mary Jane Pearce's grandchildren died of diptheria. Around the turn of the century, the Pearces moved to the San Juan Valley in New Mexico Territory where they settled in Jewett. By 1909 Pearce was seventy years old. They decided to sell their interests in the San Juan Valley and return to Taylor in eastern Arizona. There James Pearce remained for the remainder of his life.

			Arizona became a state in 1912. In 1921, the Arizona Republican sponsored the first statewide Pioneer Reunion and the honored guests were all of Arizona’s surviving pioneers. Because of James Pearce’s early journey to Arizona with Jacob Hamblin in 1859, he was honored for having lived in Arizona the longest. During the celebratory speeches, some old-timers began bragging about how many Indians they had killed during their days as “Indian fighters.” When it was his turn, James Pearce, then around 81, rose to address the crowd. “I have listened to all you old timers tell how many Indians you killed,” he began. “The only ones I killed, if any, were the ones who ran themselves to death chasing me. I was always ahead of them[!]” By all accounts, Jim Pearce’s wit “brought down the house.” Yet we can perceive in Pearce’s humorous remark a sly rebuke of the violence glorified by the old “Indian fighters.” In months of early travel through Arizona on several of Jacob Hamblin’s expeditions, Pearce had adopted the “Buckskin Apostle’s” pacific approach to conflict resolution. But one senses there might have been more to it than that; that perhaps as a teenage boy some sixty-five years earlier, he had witnessed more than enough bloody violence for one lifetime.

	[[Image:Pearce, James 2.2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|<center>'''James Pearce in old age.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce, James 2.2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|<center>'''James Pearce in old age.'''</center>]]

1857admin: /* Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona */

2016-04-27T08:38:36Z

Pioneering on the Little Colorado River in Arizona

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	[[Image:Mormon Settlements in Arizona.jpg\|right\|400px\|Mormon Settlements in Arizona.jpg]]		[[Image:Mormon Settlements in Arizona.jpg\|right\|400px\|Mormon Settlements in Arizona.jpg]]

	In 1876, Mormon colonization in Arizona began in earnest. In 1877, Pearce accepted the ~~assignation~~ to relocate to the new Mormon colonies in Arizona along the Little Colorado River watershed. By the end of the year, Pearce was en route to the new colonies, making the Colorado River crossing at Lee's Ferry in Marble Canyon as he had several times before. They moved successively upstream on the Little Colorado from Sunset to Woodruff but neither of these seemed satisfactory. By January, 1878, Pearce had arrived at Stinson Ranch on Silver Creek, a tributary of the Little Colorado River at the southern extreme of Navajo County. James Stinson offered to sell Pearce his holdings but Pearce declined. He moved farther upstream and encamped at the future site of Taylor. He became the first Mormon settler on Silver Creek. He and fellow pioneer, John Standifird, obtained land in the Taylor-Shumway area. Later, the Mormons established a string of settlements up this tributary of the Little Colorado. Beginning with Snowflake and moving upstream, they established Taylor, Shumway and finally Show Low, as well as smaller settlements along the way. Pearce lived for a while in Shumway where he served as postmaster before moving south to Snowflake where they remained for a time.		In 1876, Mormon colonization in Arizona began in earnest. In 1877, Pearce accepted the assigment to relocate to the new Mormon colonies in Arizona along the Little Colorado River watershed. By the end of the year, Pearce was en route to the new colonies, making the Colorado River crossing at Lee's Ferry in Marble Canyon as he had several times before. They moved successively upstream on the Little Colorado from Sunset to Woodruff but neither of these seemed satisfactory. By January, 1878, Pearce had arrived at Stinson Ranch on Silver Creek, a tributary of the Little Colorado River at the southern extreme of Navajo County. James Stinson offered to sell Pearce his holdings but Pearce declined. He moved farther upstream and encamped at the future site of Taylor. He became the first Mormon settler on Silver Creek. He and fellow pioneer, John Standifird, obtained land in the Taylor-Shumway area. Later, the Mormons established a string of settlements up this tributary of the Little Colorado. Beginning with Snowflake and moving upstream, they established Taylor, Shumway and finally Show Low, as well as smaller settlements along the way. Pearce lived for a while in Shumway where he served as postmaster before moving south to Snowflake where they remained for a time.

	In the late 1880s, Pearce and other Mormon settlers came into conflict with the Aztec Land and Cattle Company, which claimed a monopoly on thousands of acres of eastern Arizona rangeland. Its cowboys were known as the Hashknife outfit. John Payne, a rough cowboy or notorious outlaw depending on your point of view, threatened Pearce at gun point to abandon his ranch while he threatened and whipped fellow Mormon, Neils Petersen. This was in the midst of the Pleasant Valley War, also known as the Tonto Basin War, which was an extended feud between the Grahams, cattle ranchers, and the Tewksburys, sheepherders. The feud lasted from the early 1880s to around 1892 with the most violence concentrated in 1886-87. Pearce and Petersen approached local Mormon leader, Jessie N. Smith, to inquire "if it would be right to kill him [Payne]." Smith, however, urged restraint. It wasn't long before Payne and several of his associates died in a skirmish in the Pleasant Valley War. When the war finally ended it had decimated the Graham and Tewksbury families as very few of the men were left alive. Eventually, the conflict between Mormons and the Aztec company shifted more in favor of the Mormons when the local land agent resisted the tactics of the company. However, Pearce and other Mormons would remain embroiled in securing legal recognition of their land claims in Arizona for decades to come.		In the late 1880s, Pearce and other Mormon settlers came into conflict with the Aztec Land and Cattle Company, which claimed a monopoly on thousands of acres of eastern Arizona rangeland. Its cowboys were known as the Hashknife outfit. John Payne, a rough cowboy or notorious outlaw depending on your point of view, threatened Pearce at gun point to abandon his ranch while he threatened and whipped fellow Mormon, Neils Petersen. This was in the midst of the Pleasant Valley War, also known as the Tonto Basin War, which was an extended feud between the Grahams, cattle ranchers, and the Tewksburys, sheepherders. The feud lasted from the early 1880s to around 1892 with the most violence concentrated in 1886-87. Pearce and Petersen approached local Mormon leader, Jessie N. Smith, to inquire "if it would be right to kill him [Payne]." Smith, however, urged restraint. It wasn't long before Payne and several of his associates died in a skirmish in the Pleasant Valley War. When the war finally ended it had decimated the Graham and Tewksbury families as very few of the men were left alive. Eventually, the conflict between Mormons and the Aztec company shifted more in favor of the Mormons when the local land agent resisted the tactics of the company. However, Pearce and other Mormons would remain embroiled in securing legal recognition of their land claims in Arizona for decades to come.

1857admin: /* Witness in the First Trial of John D. Lee in 1875 */

2016-04-27T08:36:55Z

Witness in the First Trial of John D. Lee in 1875

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	In 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.		In 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.

	Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified[[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.		Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified [[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.

	Pearce was not in the Thursday evening council meeting at the Meadows but he heard the bickering among the militia leaders as they sought consensus on a plan of action. He also described being ill on the morning of September 11, 1857, of remaining in camp where he heard the barrage of gunfire as the killing began. Like several others who testified in the Lee trials, James Pearce's trial testimony contains his only extant statements about the massacre.		Pearce was not in the Thursday evening council meeting at the Meadows but he heard the bickering among the militia leaders as they sought consensus on a plan of action. He also described being ill on the morning of September 11, 1857, of remaining in camp where he heard the barrage of gunfire as the killing began. Like several others who testified in the Lee trials, James Pearce's trial testimony contains his only extant statements about the massacre.

1857admin: /* Witness in the First Trial of John D. Lee in 1875 */

2016-04-27T08:36:26Z

Witness in the First Trial of John D. Lee in 1875

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	[[Image:James Pearce 4.jpg\|right\|230px\|James Pearce 4.jpg]][[Image:Lee_at_trial.jpg\|thumb\|left\|155px\|<center>'''John D. Lee at trial.'''</center>]]		[[Image:James Pearce 4.jpg\|right\|230px\|James Pearce 4.jpg]][[Image:Lee_at_trial.jpg\|thumb\|left\|155px\|<center>'''John D. Lee at trial.'''</center>]]

	In ~~the previous year of~~ 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.		In 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.

	Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified[[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.		Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified[[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2016-04-27T08:34:15Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

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	Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in March 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.		Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in March 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.

	In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.		In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton]], [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they returned to the north bank and continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|right\|435px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash. In 1876-77, James Pearce assisted his father, Harrison Pearce, in building and operating a ferry boat at the Grand Wash. This is still known as Pearce's Ferry.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|right\|435px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash. In 1876-77, James Pearce assisted his father, Harrison Pearce, in building and operating a ferry boat at the Grand Wash. This is still known as Pearce's Ferry.'''</center>]]

	In November 1862, James Pearce, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat they built a raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks, crossed the Little Colorado River and later arrived at the Hopi Mesas. There they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, Hatch, Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent Nephi Johnson, Steele, Fuller Andrus and Hancock ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers). In this historic circling of the Grand Canyon they had made a new crossing of the Colorado River at Grand Wash south of St. George and returned via their previous route at the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers). Years later, Pearce would return to Grand Wash on the Colorado to build a ferry boat.		In November 1862, James Pearce, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], [[William C. Stewart\|William Stewart]], [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]] and others accompanied Jacob Hamblin on his fifth crossing of the Colorado, the historic journey in which they circled the Grand Canyon. Heading south from St. George, they brought a boat in a wagon but could not find a passable route to reach the Colorado River. Abandoning the boat they built a raft instead and crossed the river at Grand Wash below the Grand Canyon. En route to the Hopi Mesas they visited the Hualapais and then discovered the magical canyon world of the Havasupais in Havasu Canyon. They passed the San Francisco Peaks, crossed the Little Colorado River and later arrived at the Hopi Mesas. There they joined in the ceremonials at Old Oraibi. When the explorers departed, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], Thales Haskell, and Jehiel McConnell were selected to stay at the Mesas to become better acquainted with Hopi ways. Meanwhile, Hamblin, running low on food, sent [[Nephi Johnson\|Nephi Johnson]], Steele, Fuller Andrus and Hancock ahead to find Indians with whom they can trade for provisions. They returned to Utah with four Hopis via the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers). In this historic circling of the Grand Canyon they had made a new crossing of the Colorado River at Grand Wash south of St. George and returned via their previous route at the Ute Ford (Crossing of the Fathers). Years later, Pearce would return to Grand Wash on the Colorado to build a ferry boat.

	The Pearces lived in the St. George area from the early 1860s to the late-1870s. During this time, Pearce and several others acted as road contractors to improve the stretch of road from Washington to the California Road west of St. George. A "James H. Pearce" is credited with bringing 300 Shevwit Indians from the Arizona Strip to St. George where David H. Cannon performed the rite of baptism. This episode is variously dated to 1862 or the mid-1870s.		The Pearces lived in the St. George area from the early 1860s to the late-1870s. During this time, Pearce and several others acted as road contractors to improve the stretch of road from Washington to the California Road west of St. George. A "James H. Pearce" is credited with bringing 300 Shevwit Indians from the Arizona Strip to St. George where David H. Cannon performed the rite of baptism. This episode is variously dated to 1862 or the mid-1870s.

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2016-04-27T08:27:49Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 27 April 2016
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	Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in March 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.		Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in March 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.

	In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado ~~with Hatch in his party~~. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.		In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.

	[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|right\|435px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash. In 1876-77, James Pearce assisted his father, Harrison Pearce, in building and operating a ferry boat at the Grand Wash. This is still known as Pearce's Ferry.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Pearce's Ferry.jpg\|thumb\|right\|435px\|<center>'''Pearce's Ferry near Grand Wash on the Colorado River. In the 1862 expedition, they crossed the Colorado at Grand Wash. In 1876-77, James Pearce assisted his father, Harrison Pearce, in building and operating a ferry boat at the Grand Wash. This is still known as Pearce's Ferry.'''</center>]]

1857admin: /* In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas */

2016-04-27T08:27:01Z

In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas

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	[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|left\|435px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]		[[Image:Walpi.jpg\|thumb\|left\|435px\|<center>'''Walpi on First Mesa.'''</center>]]
	Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in ~~Mar~~ 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.		Finally they arrived at Oraibi on First Mesa of Hopiland. From there they made side trips to the villages on Second and First mesas. They departed to return to Utah, leaving Thales Haskell and Marion Sheldon among the Hopi. On their returned they were visited by the Navajo Spaneshanks and Ute Arapeen. They befriended Tuvi (Tuuvi, Tuba, real name Qotswayma or Woo Pah) and his wife Talasnimki. During their stay, Haskell and Sheldon visited Moenkopi where they noted that water was plentiful. They departed in March 1860 and return without undue incident to Fort Clara.

	In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado with Hatch in his party. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.		In fall 1860, Hamblin made his third crossing of the Colorado with Hatch in his party. Pearce, [[Amos Thornton\|Amos Thornton, [[Ira Hatch\|Ira Hatch]], and others accompanied Hamblin. George Smith, Jr., the son of Mormon leader George A. Smith was along on the journey. They hauled a boat in a wagon as far as the Vermillion Cliffs but failed to find a passable route to the river. Leaving the wagon and boat to use on another occasion, they proceeded to the river’s edge where they made a raft and crossed to the other side. Unfortunately, they were unable to ford their animals so they continued on to the Ute Ford. Crossing to the south of the river, they journeyed to Quichintoweep near Moenkopi Wash, There hostile Navajos fatally wounded George Smith Jr. and he died within hours. The party was forced to abandon his body and retreat without reaching the Hopi Mesas. After crossing the Colorado they returned to southern Utah.

1857admin: /* Settling Near the Future Site of St. George */

2016-04-27T08:24:58Z

Settling Near the Future Site of St. George

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	=== Settling Near the Future Site of St. George ===		=== Settling Near the Future Site of St. George ===

	Around 1859, James Pearce and others moved downstream on the Virgin River to its confluence with the Santa Clara Creek where they founded Tonaquint and Pearce acted as president of the branch there. When St. George was founded In 1861, Tonaquint became part of St. George. However, they were forced to abandon Tonaquint in early 1862 when unusually heavy flooding during the "Forty Days" ~~rain~~ of that year caused severe damage.		Around 1859, James Pearce and others moved downstream on the Virgin River to its confluence with the Santa Clara Creek where they founded Tonaquint and Pearce acted as president of the branch there. When St. George was founded In 1861, Tonaquint became part of St. George. However, they were forced to abandon Tonaquint in early 1862 when unusually heavy flooding during the "Forty Days Rain" of that year caused severe damage.

	=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===		=== In Jacob Hamblin's Expeditions to the Hopi Mesas ===

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	[[Image:James Pearce 4.jpg\|right\|230px\|James Pearce 4.jpg]][[Image:Lee_at_trial.jpg\|thumb\|left\|155px\|<center>'''John D. Lee at trial.'''</center>]]		[[Image:James Pearce 4.jpg\|right\|230px\|James Pearce 4.jpg]][[Image:Lee_at_trial.jpg\|thumb\|left\|155px\|<center>'''John D. Lee at trial.'''</center>]]

	In ~~the previous year of~~ 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.		In 1875 during the first trial of [[John D. Lee\|John D. Lee]], Pearce was among several dozen witnesses who testified. Pearce described being a lad of eighteen who joined a detachment bound for Mountain Meadows.

	Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified[[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.		Contrary to the assertion that militia witnesses never identified other militiamen, Pearce identified[[William A. Young\|William Young]], [[John W. Clark\|John W. Clark]], and [[William R. Slade\|William Slade]]. He recounted how they discussed the rumors that had originated in Cedar City that the Arkansas emigrants had "killed Joe Smith" and would bring soldiers from California who would drive the Mormons from their homes.